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Antidepressants

Sertraline uses, side effects indications, & more

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sertraline/ sertraline uses

What is Sertraline? Sertraline uses!

Sertraline is an antidepressant that belongs to a group of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is use to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

This drug works by increasing the amount of serotonin, a natural substance in your brain that helps maintain mental health balance. This can improve the symptoms of depression and anxiety.

 

 

Other symptoms of Sertraline uses:

Sertraline is also used sometimes to treat headaches and sexual problems (premature ejaculation). Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication for your condition.

 

 

Sertraline and Pregnancy:

When sertraline is taken in the weeks before delivery it can sometimes cause short-term withdrawal symptoms and, very rarely, breathing problems in your baby. Your baby will be checked after birth and given extra care if needed.

Taking sertraline in the last month of pregnancy may slightly increase your risk of bleeding after delivery. However, because this side effect is rare and can be treated, it’s not a reason to stop taking sertraline if you’re pregnant.

Mental health problems must be well treated during pregnancy as these can affect both you and your baby’s wellbeing. Depression and anxiety can sometimes get worse during pregnancy, and after the baby’s born.

Speak to your doctor if you become pregnant while taking sertraline. They will help you weigh up the risks and benefits so you can decide on the best treatment for you and your baby.

 

 

Sertraline and Breast-feeding:sertraline / breastfeeding

If your doctor or health visitor says your baby is healthy, it is OK to take sertraline while breastfeeding. It is one of the preferred antidepressants to take when breastfeeding and has been used by many breastfeeding mothers without any problems.

Sertraline passes into breast milk in very small amounts and has been linked with side effects in very few breastfed babies.

It is important to continue taking sertraline to keep you well. Breastfeeding will also benefit both you and your baby.

Talk to your health visitor, midwife, pharmacist, or doctor as soon as possible if:

  1. Your baby is not feeding as well as usual.
  2. Your baby seems unusually sleepy.
  3. your baby is irritable or has colic.

 

 

Side effects of Sertraline:

Sertraline may cause side effects:

  • nausea
  • diarrhea
  • constipation
  • vomiting
  • difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
  • dry mouth
  • heartburn
  • loss of appetite
  • weight changes
  • dizziness
  • excessive tiredness
  • headache
  • nervousness
  • uncontrollable shaking of a part of the body
  • sexual problems
  • excessive sweating

Other side effects of Sertraline:

  • rash
  • hives
  • swelling
  • difficulty breathing
  • Seizures
  • Abnormal bleeding or bruising

 

 

Dosage of Sertraline:

 

Indication Starting Dose Therapeutic Range
  Adults  
MDD 50mg  
OCD 50mg 50-200mg
PD, PTSD, SAD 25mg  
  Pediatric Patients  
OCD (age 6-12 years) 25mg  
OCD (age 13-17 years) 50mg 50-200mg

 

Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take double doses at one time.

 

 

Sertraline may Interact with other medications:

Sertraline oral tablet can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.

To help avoid interactions, your doctor should manage all of your medications carefully. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, or herbs you’re taking. To find out how this drug might interact with something else you’re taking, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

Drugs you should not use with sertraline:

These drugs include:

  • Pimozide. Taking this drug with sertraline can cause serious heart problems.
  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine. Taking these drugs with sertraline increases your risk for serotonin syndrome. You must also wait 14 days between taking these drugs and taking sertraline.
  • Linezolid, intravenous methylene blue. Taking this drug with sertraline increases your risk for serotonin syndrome.

Interactions that increase the risk of side effects

Taking certain medications with sertraline may result in increased side effects. These drugs include:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and warfarin. Taking these drugs with sertraline increases your risk of bleeding or bruising.
  • Triptans such as sumatriptan. Your risk for serotonin syndrome is increased when you take these drugs with sertraline. Your doctor should watch you closely if you take these drugs together.
  • Lithium. Taking this drug with lithium increases your risk for serotonin syndrome.
  • Serotonergic medications such as fentanyl, tramadol, and St John’s wort. Taking these drugs with sertraline increases your risk for serotonin syndrome.
  • Cimetidine. Taking cimetidine with sertraline may cause a buildup of sertraline in your body. Your dose of sertraline might need to be lowered if you take it with cimetidine.
  • Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, desipramine, and imipramine. Taking sertraline with these drugs may cause these drugs to build up in your body. Your doctor may need to adjust your dosage of tricyclic antidepressants while you take sertraline.

 

 

Mechanism of action:

Sertraline selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin (5-H

T) at the presynaptic neuronal membrane, thereby increasing serotonergic activity. This results in an increased synaptic concentration of serotonin in the CNS, which leads to numerous functional changes associated with enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. These changes are believed to be responsible for the antidepressant action and beneficial effects in obsessive-compulsive (and other anxiety-related disorders). It has been hypothesized that obsessive-compulsive disorder, like depression, is also caused by the dysregulation of serotonin.

Sertraline mode of action

In animal studies, chronic administration of sertraline results in down-regulation of brain norepinephrine receptors. Sertraline displays affinity for sigma-1 and 2 receptor binding sites but binds with stronger affinity to sigma-1 binding sites. In vitro, sertraline shows little to no affinity for GABA, dopaminergic, serotonergic (5HT1A, 5HT1B, 5HT2), or benzodiazepine receptors. It exerts weak inhibitory actions on the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine5 and exhibits no inhibitory effects on the monoamine oxidase enzyme.

 

FAQs:

Once you're feeling better it's likely that you'll continue to take sertraline for several more months. Stopping before that time can make depression come back. Most doctors recommend that you take antidepressants for 6 months to a year after you no longer feel depressed.
Some common side effects of sertraline is nausea, diarrhea and changes in sleep patterns also some rare side effects like bleeding risk, suicidal thoughts , serotonin syndrome and sexual dysfunction are also possible.
In some causes it not but in some causes it may lead small weight gain ranging from 1% to 1.6% of initial body weight when used over 6 months or a year.

 

Fluoxetine, fluoxetine uses, indications, side effects &more,

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fluoxetine

What is Fluoxetine? Fluoxetine uses!

Before fluoxetine uses! fluoxetine is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, also known as an SSRI. SSRIs are not considered narcotics (controlled substances), it doesn’t consider to have a high risk of addiction or abuse.

It’s one of the most prescribed antidepressant fluoxetine stimulates certain chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) that communicate between brain cells. It was the first SSRI that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved to treat depression in adults, children and adolescents.

Indications of Fluoxetine:

Major Depression Disorder,

Obsessive-compulsive disorder,

Bulimia nervosa,

Panic attacks/Disorder.

 

Other uses of Fluoxetine:

Fluoxetine is also sometimes used to treat alcoholism, attention-deficit disorder, borderline personality disorder, sleep disorders, headaches, mental illness, posttraumatic stress disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, obesity, sexual problems, and phobias.

 

Side effects of Fluoxetine:

Common side effects are:

Dry mouth,

Nausea and vomiting,

Headache,

Diarrhea,

Sexual dysfunction,

Weight gain or loss,

Insomnia,

Fatigue,

Serious side effects:

Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:

  • Serotonin syndrome. Symptoms can include:
    • agitation (feeling aggravated or restless)
    • hallucinations (seeing or hearing something that isn’t there)
    • problems with coordination
    • racing heart rate
    • overactive reflexes
    • fever
    • nausea
    • vomiting
    • diarrhea
  • Abnormal bleeding. Symptoms can include:
    • bruising or bleeding more easily than normal
  • Mania. Symptoms can include:
    • greatly increased energy
    • severe trouble sleeping
    • racing thoughts
    • reckless behavior
    • unusually grand ideas
    • excessive happiness or irritability
    • talking more or faster than normal
  • Seizures
  • Low salt levels in your blood. Symptoms can include:
    • headache
    • weakness
    • confusion
    • trouble concentrating
    • memory problems
    • feeling unsteady

 

Contraindications:

  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), such as isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine. You shouldn’t take fluoxetine if you take an MAOI or if you’ve stopped taking an MAOI within the last two weeks. Don’t take an MAOI within five weeks of stopping fluoxetine. Taking these drugs too close together could cause serious and life-threatening side effects. Symptoms include high fever, constant muscle spasms that you can’t control, and stiff muscles. They also include fast changes in your heart rate and blood pressure, confusion, and unconsciousness.
  • Thioridazine. You shouldn’t take these drugs together. Don’t take thioridazine within five weeks of stopping fluoxetine. Taking these drugs together can cause serious heart rhythm problems. These problems can cause you to die suddenly.
  • Pimozide. You shouldn’t take these drugs together. Fluoxetine can cause the levels of pimozide to increase in your body. This raises your risk for heart rhythm problems.

 

Fluoxetine uses and Pregnancy/Brestfeeding:

Talk to your doctor if you’re pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Research in animals has shown adverse effects to the fetus when the mother takes the drug. There haven’t been enough studies done in humans to be certain how the drug might affect the fetus. This drug should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. The FDA warned in 2006 that SSRIs including Fluoxetine can increase the risk of fetal heart complications when taken during the last half of pregnancy.

This drug may pass into breast milk and may cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. Talk to your doctor if you breastfeed your child. You may need to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop taking this medication.

 

Fluoxetine Dosage:

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor’s orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses

The initial and recommended dosage of fluoxetine is 20mg per day.

Maximum dosage of fluoxetine is 80mg per day in adults under 18 to 64

 

Mechanism of action of fluxotine

Mechanism of action:

The monoaminergic hypothesis of depression emerged in 1965 and linked depression with dysfunction of neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline and serotonin. Indeed, low levels of serotonin have been observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients diagnosed with depression. As a result of this hypothesis, drugs that modulate levels of serotonin such as fluoxetine were developed.

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and as the name suggests, it exerts it’s therapeutic effect by inhibiting the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. As a result, levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) are increased in various parts of the brain. Further, fluoxetine has high affinity for 5-HT transporters, weak affinity for noradrenaline transporters and no affinity for dopamine transporters indicating that it is 5-HT selective.

Fluoxetine interacts to a degree with the 5-HT2C receptor and it has been suggested that through this mechanism, it is able to increase noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex.

 

Precautions:

It is important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits, to make sure this medicine is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.

Do not suddenly stop taking this medicine without checking first with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping it completely. This will decrease the chance of having withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, breathing problems, chest pain, confusion, diarrhea, dizziness or lightheadedness, fast heartbeat, headache, increased sweating, muscle pain, nausea, restlessness, runny nose, trouble sleeping, trembling or shaking, unusual tiredness or weakness, vision changes, or vomiting.

Check with your doctor right away if you have decreased interest in sexual intercourse, delayed or inability to have an orgasm in women, inability to have or keep an erection in men, or loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance. These could be symptoms of sexual dysfunction.

 

FAQs:

Fluoxetine is commonly used to treat a range of mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and bulimia nervosa.
Some common side effects of fluoxetine may include nausea, dry mouth, headache, drowsiness, changes in appetite, and sexual dysfunction.
Fluoxetine is indicated for treating major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia nervosa, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It's important to follow your healthcare provider's recommendations regarding its use.
Dosage recommendations for fluoxetine vary based on the condition being treated. Typically, the initial and recommended dose is 20 mg per day, but your healthcare provider may adjust it based on your response and tolerance.

Escitalopram uses, side effects, indication, MAOIs

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What is Escitalopram?

Before Escitalopram uses! Escitalopram is used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It is an antidepressant that belongs to a group of medicines known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These medicines work by increasing the activity of the chemical serotonin in the brain, which helps to regulate mood and emotions. This mechanism of action sets it apart from other types of antidepressant medications.
Escitalopram is primarily prescribed as an antidepressant, but it has also shown effectiveness in treating a range of anxiety disorders. It is a widely used medication that has been approved by regulatory authorities for these specific medical conditions.

Indications of Escitalopram:

Anxiety Disorder
Depression
Panic Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Overview of side effects:

Understanding mild and temporary effects The most common side effects of escitalopram are usually mild and transient. These may include headache, drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness. They often subside as the body adjusts to the medication.
Identifying potential allergic reactions although rare, allergic reactions to escitalopram can occur. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, and difficulty breathing. It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if any of these symptoms manifest.

Physical side effects:

Gastrointestinal distress and nausea gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, or upset stomach, have been reported by some individuals taking escitalopram. These symptoms are usually temporary and can often be managed with medication adjustments or lifestyle changes.
Discussing sexual side effects Escitalopram, like other SSRIs, can sometimes cause sexual side effects. These may include decreased libido, difficulty achieving orgasm, or erectile dysfunction. It is essential to communicate any concerns with a healthcare professional to explore potential solutions.

Psychological Side Effects of Escitalopram:

Some individuals may experience emotional blunting, which involves a reduced range and intensity of emotions while taking escitalopram. Additionally, decreased motivation and a temporary decrease in energy levels may be observed. It is important to discuss these symptoms with a healthcare professional to ensure appropriate management strategies are in place.

Sleep disturbances and vivid dreams:

Impact on sleep patterns and quality Escitalopram can affect sleep patterns, causing disturbances such as insomnia or excessive sleepiness. It may also lead to vivid dreams or nightmares. These sleep-related side effects often improve with time or with adjustments to the timing of medication intake.
Strategies to manage escitalopram-induced sleep issues implementing good sleep hygiene practices, such as maintaining a consistent bedtime routine, minimizing caffeine intake, and creating a comfortable sleep environment, can help manage sleep disturbances caused by escitalopram. If problems persist, consulting with a healthcare professional for further guidance is recommended.

Serious Side Effects and Warnings:

Understanding the risks associated with excessive serotonin levels Escitalopram, when combined with certain medications or substances, can potentially lead to serotonin syndrome. This condition occurs when serotonin levels in the brain become dangerously high, resulting in symptoms such as agitation, rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, and confusion.
Exploring medications and substances that may interact adversely it is essential to disclose all medications, herbal supplements, and recreational drugs to a healthcare professional when taking escitalopram. Drugs such as monoamine oxidize inhibitors (MAOIs),
Also considering the potential increased risk of suicidal thoughts,
Identifying vulnerable populations In some cases, individuals taking escitalopram or other antidepressants may experience an increased risk of suicidal thoughts, especially during the initial stages of treatment. Individuals with a history of suicidal ideation or those under the age of 25 may be more susceptible.
Safety measures and monitoring during escitalopram use Healthcare professionals closely monitor patients, particularly during the early stages of treatment. Regular check-ins, open communication, and observation for any changes in mood or behavior are important to ensure the safety of individuals taking escitalopram.
Drug Interactions with Escitalopram:
Escitalopram should not be taken concurrently with MAOIs, as this combination can lead to a potentially life-threatening condition known as serotonin syndrome. It is crucial to allow a sufficient washout period between the two medications as advised by a healthcare professional.
SSRIs and SNRIs as potential interacting medications when combining escitalopram with other antidepressants, such as other SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), there is a higher risk of serotonin syndrome, Appropriate precautions should be taken, and close monitoring by a healthcare professional is necessary.
Exploring the need for cautious usage alongside tricyclic antidepressants Escitalopram should be used cautiously alongside tricyclic antidepressants due to potential interactions that could lead to an increased risk of side effects. It is essential to discuss these risks with a healthcare professional and follow their guidance to ensure safe and effective usage.

Escitalopram-uses and Pregnancy/Breastfeeding:

The use of escitalopram during pregnancy should be carefully considered. While some studies suggest a potential risk of adverse effects on the developing fetus, discontinuing the medication may pose risks to the mother’s mental health. Healthcare professionals assess the individual situation and make informed decisions regarding the use of escitalopram during pregnancy.
Escitalopram can be present in breast milk, and its potential effects on nursing infants are not yet fully understood. Healthcare professionals evaluate the risks and benefits of breastfeeding while taking escitalopram on a case-by-case basis. Open conversations and shared decision-making between the individual and the healthcare professional are crucial in making informed choices.

Discontinuation of Escitalopram:

Abruptly stopping escitalopram can lead to withdrawal symptoms, commonly referred to as discontinuation syndrome. These symptoms may include dizziness, irritability, flu-like symptoms, and electric shock sensations. Gradual tapering-off of the medication is generally recommended minimizing these effects.
Healthcare professionals can develop a personalized tapering plan, adjusting the dosage gradually to avoid severe withdrawal symptoms and potential rebound effects. Following their guidance and seeking regular support during the discontinuation process can help minimize discomfort and ensure a safe transition.

Summary:

Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is a widely used medication for treating depression and anxiety disorders. It has proven efficacy in managing major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Escitalopram also shows promise in addressing panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and certain phobias. Common side effects may include temporary gastrointestinal distress, sexual side effects, emotional blunting, and sleep disturbances. Serious side effects to be aware of include serotonin syndrome and a potential increased risk of suicidal thoughts, especially in certain vulnerable populations. Escitalopram should be used cautiously with other medications, particularly MAOIs and certain antidepressants, to avoid harmful interactions. Safety considerations extend to pregnancy and breastfeeding, with potential risks and benefits to be evaluated on an individual basis. Discontinuation of escitalopram should be done gradually to minimize withdrawal symptoms and rebound effects. Overall, working closely with a healthcare professional will ensure safe and effective use of escitalopram.

FAQs:

The starting dosage of escitalopram can vary depending on the individual's condition and medical history. It is typically initiated at a low dose, such as 10 mg per day, and adjusted as needed under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Escitalopram can be taken with or without food. However taking it with food may help reduce gastrointestinal side effects for some individuals.
If you experience severe side effects while taking escitalopram, it is important to contact a healthcare professional immediately. They will be able to assess your situation, provide appropriate guidance, and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.